EBO2 (EBOO) for Autoimmune Conditions: Clinic Claims, the MS and Sjögren's Studies, and Standard Care

If a clinic has offered EBO2 (also called EBOO) for an autoimmune disease such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or Sjögren’s, this guide sets the offer against the record: what clinics’ own pages claim, what the ozone studies in these diseases tested and measured, what regulators have said, and the care that NIH and specialist bodies describe. The short answer is that no study has given EBO2 to people with an autoimmune disease. The ozone studies that exist used other methods, were small, mostly lacked a comparison group, and mostly measured laboratory markers rather than relapses, disability, or joint damage. Questions to take to a clinic, and the searches we ran, are near the end.

What clinics’ EBO2 pages say about autoimmune disease

We read the EBO2 pages of the clinics in our directory and recorded, in each clinic’s own words, the health benefits each claims. As of October 4, 2026, we could read the pages of 174 clinics. 163 of them claim at least one health benefit, and 104 claim one for autoimmune conditions; the “From our data” section below shows the full breakdown.

What stands out is how general the claim is. Across all 174 readable clinics, the claim wording we recorded names a specific autoimmune disease for only 24: rheumatoid arthritis for 14, multiple sclerosis for 12, lupus for 10, inflammatory bowel disease for 7, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis for 2. None names Sjögren’s. We save up to four quotes per clinic, so these counts are a floor. Within the 104 clinics:

• Autoimmune disease is usually one item in a list. Of the 100 whose recorded wording names it, 74 name it in the same sentence or list as other conditions. 78 of the 104 also claim a benefit for Lyme disease or mold illness, and 37 for long COVID.
• The wording is about the immune system in general. Across all readable clinics, the recorded wording of 18 says the procedure modulates, regulates, resets, or balances the immune system, and that of 2 lists Lyme disease among autoimmune conditions, although CDC describes it as an illness caused by bacteria [20].
• Most pages do not say whether EBO2 is FDA-approved. 86 of the 104 EBO2 pages do not say whether EBO2 or its equipment is FDA-approved, 15 say EBO2 is not FDA-approved, and 3 say their equipment is FDA-cleared, registered, or approved, which concerns a device and not the treatment; our guide to EBOO devices and FDA status explains the difference.
• 23 of the 104 pages carry patient testimonials.

We publish these claims only as counts. A claim on a clinic’s page is the clinic’s statement, not evidence; our guide to reading a clinic’s EBO2 page covers the wording to look for.

What the studies in our library tested

None of the six entries our research library tags as EBOO studies, listed in the “From our data” table below, reports on anyone with an autoimmune disease; the 2023 ozone-uptake series among them does not say what its 12 patients were treated for. The library holds three ozone-therapy papers in autoimmune disease and one air-pollution study about lupus.

Air-pollution studies are what a search for ozone and lupus mostly returns. Pan 2023 found “null associations” between ambient ozone and lupus admissions [10]; it says nothing about medical ozone, and we found no study of ozone therapy in lupus at all.

What else has been published, outside our library

A search of titles and abstracts finds more ozone studies in autoimmune disease than our library holds. We read these from their PubMed records; none used EBO2.

• Rheumatoid arthritis. A 2016 randomized trial from Cuba gave 60 people methotrexate, folic acid, and ibuprofen, with or without ozone by rectal insufflation, for 20 days. The ozone group’s disease activity score fell while the comparison group “merely showed a tendency to decrease”, and no side effects were observed [11]. The abstract describes no sham insufflation or blinding, and one author is affiliated with a German medical society for ozone therapy. The other clinical rheumatoid arthritis studies our search found came from the same group.
• Multiple sclerosis. A 2017 Cuban study gave ozone by rectal insufflation three times a week for a month and reported better antioxidant and inflammatory markers [12]. A 2014 Italian study measured brain oxygenation by near-infrared light during and after autohemotherapy in 20 people with MS and 20 controls [13]. A 2020 letter by a professor of pharmaceutical technology in Siena, in the journal that published Izadi 2020, is titled “The right therapeutic method of ozone therapy used to treat multiple sclerosis patients”; PubMed holds no abstract [14]. None of these reports relapse rates or disability as an outcome in what we read.
• Systemic sclerosis. This is the one autoimmune disease in which we found more than one randomized trial, and both treated skin ulcers on the fingers locally, not the blood. An Egyptian trial of 50 women added 20 days of ozone gas, applied in a bag around the hand, to standard medicine and reported healing in 96% against 44% [15]. A Turkish trial of 25 patients with ulcers that had resisted treatment reported 92% against 42% with local ozone [16].

None of this work used EBO2, and most of it is small and measures markers rather than outcomes. Proponents explain the expected benefit through a mechanism: a calibrated dose of ozone in blood is said to “reactivate the antioxidant system” [18]. A proposed mechanism is a reason to run a trial, not a result.

Why marker changes do not answer the question

Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and lupus both flare and settle. NIH describes relapsing-remitting MS as attacks followed by “total or partial recovery”, and lupus as alternating “periods of illness (flares) and periods of wellness (remission)” [2][24]. A before-and-after comparison in a disease like that can show improvement that would have happened anyway. The FTC’s guidance on health claims makes the same point in general terms: human studies “should have both a treatment group and a control group”, because improvement in a treated group alone could come from “a placebo effect, spontaneous changes in subjects’ health” or other factors [22]. And a change in a blood marker is not the outcome a patient or a neurologist cares about. NIH describes the evidence for MS drugs in terms of those outcomes: for three of them, it notes, clinical trials showed they “decrease the number of relapses, delay the progression of physical disability, and slow the development of brain lesions” [2]. No ozone study we found measured those outcomes.

Safety of the ozone methods used in these studies

The autoimmune studies report few or no side effects, but they are small and mostly do not describe how adverse events were collected. A 2026 scoping review of systemic oxygen-ozone autohemotherapy, the method used in the MS and Sjögren’s studies, found reports of hemolysis and kidney failure with ozone above 60 µg/mL, high potassium, heart attack and other ischemic events, gas embolism to the brain, reactions to rapid reinfusion, allergic reactions linked to equipment, and infections from breaches of protocol, and said that their overall incidence “cannot be reliably quantified” [17]. The same review found no pattern of frequent serious unexpected harm when a standardized protocol was followed, and it drew mostly on case reports [17]. Our compilation of ozone therapy adverse events covers these by route. For people on immunosuppressants or biologics, no study we found looked at interactions; our guide to EBOO, blood thinners, and medications covers the circuit’s anticoagulant and what to ask.

What regulators have said

No regulatory record in our tracker addresses EBO2 for an autoimmune disease by name. The records that apply are general.

• FDA. Its device rule states that “Ozone is a toxic gas with no known useful medical application in specific, adjunctive, or preventive therapy” [23]. Ozone therapy is not FDA-approved for any autoimmune disease or any other condition.
• UK advertising regulator. In 2022 the Advertising Standards Authority ruled against a UK clinic’s claims that IV ozone therapy was “Anti-Inflammatory”, among others, and told it not to repeat them without “a substantive body of evidence to support those claims, including clinical trials conducted on people” [21].
• FTC standard for health claims. The FTC’s 2022 guidance says health benefits generally need “randomized, controlled human clinical testing” and that anecdotal evidence about consumers’ experiences is “never sufficient to substantiate claims about the effects of a health product” [22].

What NIH and specialist bodies describe as care

This section describes what NIH and specialist bodies say; it is information, not a treatment plan. In autoimmune diseases, NIH explains, “autoantibodies target the body’s own healthy tissues by mistake” [1].

• Multiple sclerosis. NIH says treatments can reduce the number and severity of relapses and delay long-term progression. Corticosteroids given for three to five days speed recovery from attacks, and FDA-approved disease-modifying therapies, given by infusion, injection, or mouth, are “designed to regulate or suppress the inflammatory reactions of the disease” [2].
• Rheumatoid arthritis. NIH gives the goals as relieving pain, reducing inflammation, and preventing, slowing, or stopping joint and organ damage, and notes that joint damage can begin in the first year or two and generally cannot be reversed. Medicines include anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, biologics, and JAK inhibitors [5]. The 2021 American College of Rheumatology guideline makes 44 recommendations on these drugs, 7 of them strong, including their use in people with liver disease, heart failure, or a history of serious infections [6].
• Lupus. NIH lists the goals as managing symptoms, preventing and limiting flares, and preventing organ damage, with anti-inflammatories, antimalarials, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and two kinds of biologic drug [3].
• Sjögren’s. NIH says treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications, through eye drops and plugs, saliva substitutes and stimulants, and, for joint pain and other serious effects, disease-modifying and antimalarial drugs that “have not specifically been approved for Sjögren’s disease” [4].

Some blood-processing procedures do have their evidence graded disease by disease. The American Society for Apheresis grades the evidence for plasma exchange and related procedures disease by disease; its tenth edition, published in 2026, has 93 fact sheets with 183 graded indications [19]. Our comparison of EBO2 and plasmapheresis explains the difference. We found no comparable grading for EBO2.

Questions to ask a clinic that offers EBO2 for an autoimmune disease

These are questions, not a verdict on any clinic. Our questions for your doctor tool builds a printable list.

• Which study tested EBO2 in this specific disease, and did it measure relapses, disability, or joint damage? (We found none that did.)
• Is EBO2 offered instead of, or alongside, the treatment the rheumatologist or neurologist prescribes, and will the clinic coordinate with that physician?
• Has the clinic checked the session plan against current immunosuppressants, biologics, or infusion schedules, and against the circuit’s anticoagulant?
• What will be measured before and after the sessions, and at what point would the clinic recommend stopping?
• How many sessions, at what total cost in writing, and what is refunded if sessions stop? The session cost planner helps with the arithmetic.

How to check for evidence yourself

We ran these searches on October 2, 2026, and anyone can repeat them for free.

1. Europe PMC, the free index that includes PubMed, searching titles and abstracts: TITLE_ABS:(ozone OR "oxygen-ozone" OR ozonated OR autohemotherapy) AND TITLE_ABS:("multiple sclerosis"), then the same with “rheumatoid arthritis”, lupus, Sjögren’s, or “systemic sclerosis” in place of the disease. Many results are studies of ozone as an air pollutant; the clinical studies of ozone therapy are the ones described above.
2. Europe PMC, EBOO and autoimmune disease: the same searches with EBOO OR "extracorporeal blood oxygenation" in place of the ozone terms returned no studies in these diseases.
3. ClinicalTrials.gov, with ozone as the intervention, returned no registered studies for multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or Sjögren’s. For systemic sclerosis it returned three completed studies: the Egyptian digital-ulcer trial (NCT02733978), a digital-ulcer study of 25 people at a university in Türkiye (NCT04826419), and an Egyptian trial of local ozone injection against methylprednisolone for carpal tunnel syndrome in people with scleroderma (NCT03742466).

What we could not verify

• Whether the two Iranian MS studies describe the same 20 patients. They share four authors and the same design, and neither abstract says [7][8].
• What the “control groups” in Izadi 2020 were. The abstract mentions them without size or makeup [7].
• What the 2020 letter on “the right therapeutic method” for MS says. PubMed holds no abstract [14].
• The full texts of the Cuban rheumatoid arthritis trial, the 2021 American College of Rheumatology guideline, and the apheresis guideline. We read their abstracts only, so we cannot say how ozone was dosed and controlled in the trial, whether the guidelines mention ozone, or which category the apheresis guideline gives any specific disease [6][11][19].
• How many people with autoimmune disease have had EBO2, and with what results. Our dataset records clinics’ claims, not outcomes.

How this guide was made

This guide rests on 24 sources: six NIH pages, a CDC page, 14 papers and guidelines read through PubMed, six of them entries in our study library, and FDA, FTC, and UK regulatory documents. The clinic figures come from our own dataset of clinic pages, as of October 4, 2026 (174 readable pages), the searches were run on October 2, 2026, and the library study details come from our study cards, each quoted from the paper. Drafting used AI tools. A human editor has not yet checked this guide claim by claim against its sources, and no clinical reviewer has signed off yet.