Observed Reduction in Urinary Toxin Excretion With Extracorporeal Blood Oxygenation and Ozonation (EBOO) Treatment in an 88-Year-Old With Chronic Anemia: A Case Report
Bennett SJ, Kuo J, Wang S, et al. Cureus, 2025.
- Study type
- Case report
- People studied
- 1 person
- Population
- 88-year-old woman with chronic iron-deficiency anemia and environmental toxin burden
- Published
- 2025, Cureus
- Identifiers
- PMID 41583215, DOI 10.7759/cureus.99948
What the authors reported
Across two series of EBOO treatments, urinary toxin/creatinine ratios declined on average by 64.8% for mycotoxins, 25.7% for heavy metals, and 55.1% for other environmental toxins; nickel was the only toxin with an overall increase from baseline to the end of series II, and hemoglobin stayed largely unchanged.
What limits this result
Single-patient case report with no control for ongoing environmental exposure between tests; it cannot establish causation or generalize beyond one patient. All four authors list New York practices (Hudson Health, Hudson Medical Group, Extension Health), and an Extension Health in New York is listed in this site's clinic directory as offering EBO2. The paper declares no conflicts of interest.
Reports of the procedure as given to patients, and a review of them by its developers. Laboratory and device-development work on the circuit is under background science. One study rarely settles a medical question; our guides weigh each paper against the rest of the evidence.
How the study was done
- Design
- Case report
This case report studies EBOO as a potential solution to human toxicities.
- Setting
- Author affiliation: Pain Management, Hudson Health, New York, USA
- Read from
- Read from the full text of the paper. Read on September 28, 2026.
Source: Full text on PubMed Central
Study arms
| Group | Participants | What they received |
|---|---|---|
| Single patient | Not reported | EBOO to remove mycotoxins, heavy metals and environmental toxins; an 88-year-old female with chronic anemia |
Source: Full text on PubMed Central
Procedure as reported
- Blood volume
- Around 2 liters of blood processed in one treatment (clinic protocol)
As per clinic protocol, one EBOO series contains three EBOO treatments, as the EBOO processes around 2 liters of blood in one treatment
- Sessions
- Two distinct series of three sequential EBOO treatments; urinary toxin/creatinine ratios monitored at baseline, after series I and after series II
In the paper's own units, not converted.
What it measured
- Average decline in urinary toxin/creatinine ratios, baseline to completion of EBOO series II
- 64.8% for the mycotoxins, 25.7% for the heavy metals, and 55.1% for the environmental toxins
- Mycotoxins and environmental toxins over both EBOO series
- All levels decreased over both EBOO series
- Lead, cadmium, nickel and barium
- Lead and cadmium decreased over both series; nickel and barium only decreased after completion of series I
- Nickel
- The only toxin that showed an overall increase from baseline to completion of EBOO series II
- Barium
- Decreased overall (51.17%) but increased from completion of series I to series II
Though barium decreased overall with a percent decrease of 51.17%, it increased from the completion of EBOO series I to EBOO series II.
- Hemoglobin (abstract summary)
- Remained largely unchanged over the course of treatment
- Hemoglobin values
- Baseline 7.4 g/dL; 6.8 g/dL after EBOO series I; 7.5 g/dL after EBOO series II
Her baseline hemoglobin, 7.4 g/dL, decreased to 6.8 g/dL after completion of EBOO series I and then increased to 7.5 g/dL after completion of EBOO series II.
- Patient-reported symptoms at a later follow-up visit
- Reported feeling more tired than after the first series; treatment was then to focus on her anemia with her hematologist
Safety as reported
No adverse-events section. The authors note a slight fall in hemoglobin after the first series (7.4 to 6.8 g/dL; 7.5 after the second) and that after the second series she felt worse, more tired than after the first, so treatment turned to her anemia; they do not attribute either to EBOO.Despite her slight decline in hemoglobin levels of EBOO series I, the patient reported feeling slightly better at that time. Interestingly, as her hemoglobin levels increased back to baseline after completion of EBOO series II, she reported feeling worse.
Source: Full text on PubMed Central
Follow-up
Time points: baseline (day 0), after completion of EBOO series I (day 70), and after completion of EBOO series II (day 131)
Source: Full text on PubMed Central
Funding and conflicts
All authors declared no financial relationships, at present or within the previous three years, with organizations that might have an interest in the work
Source: Full text on PubMed Central
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