The effects of oxygen-ozone therapy on regulatory T-cell responses in multiple sclerosis patients
Tahmasebi S, Qasim MT, Krivenkova MV, et al. Cell Biology International, 2021.
- Study type
- Case series
- People studied
- 20 people
- Population
- Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients
- Published
- 2021, Cell Biology International
- Identifiers
- PMID 33724614, DOI 10.1002/cbin.11589
What the authors reported
In 20 relapsing-remitting MS patients treated with ozone autohemotherapy twice weekly for 6 months, regulatory T-cell frequency and related anti-inflammatory markers (FoxP3, IL-10, TGF-beta) rose after treatment compared with before.
What limits this result
Single-arm before-after design with no untreated control group and no blinding; measures a laboratory immune marker, not a clinical disability or symptom outcome.
How ozone acts on blood and cells, how blood filters work, the laboratory and device-development studies behind the EBOO circuit, and studies that measure markers in the blood rather than how patients fare. None of these shows whether EBO2 helps patients. One study rarely settles a medical question; our guides weigh each paper against the rest of the evidence.
How the study was done
- Design
- Before-and-after comparison in patients treated with oxygen-ozone therapy
We found a significant increase in the number of Treg cells, expression levels of FoxP3, miRNAs (miR-17 and miR-27), IL-10, and TGF-β factors in patients after oxygen-ozone (O2 -O3 ) therapy compared to before treatment.
- Setting
- First-listed affiliation: Department of Immunology, Healthy Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Read from
- Read from the abstract only; where this page says nothing about an item, the abstract does not report it. Read on September 28, 2026.
Source: Abstract on PubMed
Study arms
| Group | Participants | What they received |
|---|---|---|
| Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with ozone | 20 | Ozone autohemotherapy twice weekly for 6 months |
Source: Abstract on PubMed
Procedure as reported
- Sessions
- twice weekly for 6 months
In the paper's own units, not converted.
Source: Abstract on PubMed
What it measured
- Treg cell number; expression of FoxP3, miR-17, miR-27, IL-10 and TGF-β
- Significant increase in patients after oxygen-ozone therapy compared with before treatment (no numbers in the abstract)
- miR-146a expression
- Oxygen-ozone therapy notably decreased the expression level in treated patients
- IL-10 and TGF-β secretion, in serum and in supernatant of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- Considerably increased in posttreatment condition compared with pretreatment condition
- Authors' summary of results
- Oxygen-ozone therapy raised the frequency of Treg cell and its relevant factors in treated MS patients
Source: Abstract on PubMed
Funding and conflicts
Funder listed on the Europe PMC record: Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences (the paper’s own funding statement was not read)
Source: Abstract on Europe PMC
Where we cite this study
Does EBO2 (EBOO) Work? The Evidence, Study by Study
Every study in our EBO2 (EBOO) library in one place: design, size, what was measured and found, its limits, and a check for any study a clinic cites.
EBO2 (EBOO) for Autoimmune Conditions: Clinic Claims, the MS and Sjögren's Studies, and Standard Care
What clinics claim about EBO2 (EBOO) for autoimmune disease, what the MS, Sjögren's and RA ozone studies measured, and what NIH describes as care.
How Many EBO2 (EBOO) Sessions Do You Need? What Clinics Recommend and What Studies Used
How many EBO2 (EBOO) sessions US clinics recommend, from our dataset of clinic pages, set against the course lengths published studies actually used.