Dialysis membranes and hemodialyzers
Clark WR, Lorenzin A, Ronco C. Contributions to Nephrology, 2026.
- Study type
- Narrative review
- People studied
- No participants of its own (narrative review)
- Published
- 2026, Contributions to Nephrology
- Identifiers
- PMID 42721103, DOI 10.1159/000552907
What the authors reported
A nephrology review of how hollow-fiber hemodialysis membranes are classified by pore size and permeability, and how pore size determines which molecules a filter can remove by convection.
What limits this result
Describes dialysis and hemodiafiltration membranes generally, not any EBO2 device specifically, and includes no ozone-related content.
How ozone acts on blood and cells, how blood filters work, and studies that measure markers in the blood rather than how patients fare. None of these shows whether EBO2 helps patients. One study rarely settles a medical question; our guides weigh each paper against the rest of the evidence.
Where we cite this study
What Does the EBO2 (EBOO) Filter Actually Remove?
EBO2 (EBOO) clinics say the filter removes toxins, cholesterol, and heavy metals. Here is what the device's pore size allows and what has been measured.