Intra-articular injections of ozone versus hyaluronic acid for knee osteoarthritis: a level I meta-analysis
Migliorini F, Giorgino R, Mazzoleni MG, et al. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, 2024.
- Study type
- Systematic review / meta-analysis
- People studied
- 424 people, pooled from the included trials
- Population
- Patients with knee osteoarthritis, pooled from randomized trials comparing ozone with hyaluronic acid
- Published
- 2024, European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology
- Identifiers
- PMID 39579218, DOI 10.1007/s00590-024-04135-x
What the authors reported
A level-I meta-analysis pooling 424 patients from randomized trials found intra-articular ozone injections produced pain scores (visual analogue scale) statistically similar to hyaluronic acid injections at 4-6 months follow-up.
What limits this result
Restricted to studies with 4-6 month follow-up, so longer-term comparative efficacy is unknown; only ozone-versus-hyaluronic-acid comparisons were analyzed, with no placebo arm.
Other ozone methods, such as major autohemotherapy, that clinics cite in support of EBO2. A result for one method does not transfer automatically to another. One study rarely settles a medical question; our guides weigh each paper against the rest of the evidence.
Where we cite this study
Does EBO2 (EBOO) Work? An Honest Read of the Evidence
Does EBO2 (EBOO) work? Every published EBOO study, what ozone therapy generally shows, and why clinic testimonials are not the same as evidence.
The History of EBO2 (EBOO): From Bocci's Lab to Today's Wellness Clinics
How EBO2 (EBOO) developed from 19th-century ozone chemistry through Bocci's lab in Siena to today's US wellness clinics, with dates as documented in sources.
What Is EBO2 (EBOO) Therapy? Procedure, Evidence, Cost, and Safety
A neutral, sourced explainer of EBO2 (also called EBOO): how the procedure works, what the research shows, typical cost, and the FDA's position.